id, name
shandong01 name1
shandong02 name2
shandong03 name3
beijing01 name4
beijing02 name5
beijing03 name6
shanghai01 name7
select id,name
from table
order by case when id like 'shanghai%' then 0 when id like 'beijing%' then 1 else 2 end
result:
shanghai01 name7
beijing01 name4
beijing02 name5
beijing03 name6
shandong01 name1
shandong02 name2
shandong03 name3