python 实现socket服务端并发的四种方式
时间：2021-05-14 10:37:03|栏目：Python代码|点击： 次
多进程&多线程
服务端：多进程和多线程的开启方式相同。
缺点：<1> 由于Cpython的GIL，导致同一时间无法运行多个线程；<2> 不可能无限开进进程或线程
解决办法：多进程、concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor、线程池
import socket
from multiprocessing import Process
from threading import Thread
class MyTcpServer:
def __init__(self, ip, port):
self.ip = ip
self.port = port
self.server = socket.socket()
self.server.bind((self.ip, self.port))
self.server.listen(5)
def wait_accept(self):
conn, addr = self.server.accept()
return conn, addr
def handle_request(self, conn):
while 1:
try:
data = conn.recv(1024)
if not data: break
conn.send(data.upper())
except Exception as e:
print(e)
break
conn.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
server = MyTcpServer('127.0.0.1', 8888)
while 1:
conn, addr = server.wait_accept()
p = Process(target=server.handle_request, args=(conn, )) # 创建一个进程
p.start() # 告诉操作提供，开启这个进程
进程池&线程池
异步提交任务，支持异步接收返回结果(submit返回一个futures对象，调用add_done_callback方法)
import socket
from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
# from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
class MyTcpServer:
def __init__(self, ip, port):
self.ip = ip
self.port = port
self.server = socket.socket()
self.server.bind((self.ip, self.port))
self.server.listen(5)
def wait_accept(self):
conn, addr = self.server.accept()
return conn, addr
def handle_request(self, conn):
while 1:
try:
data = conn.recv(1024)
if not data: break
conn.send(data.upper())
except Exception as e:
print(e)
break
conn.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
server = MyTcpServer('127.0.0.1', 8888)
pool = ProcessPoolExecutor(5) # 5个进程一直服务
while 1:
conn, addr = server.wait_accept()
pool.submit(server.handle_request, conn) # 异步提交任务
socketserver
优点：简化socket服务端创建流程。
提供服务端串行和并发两种服务模式（TCPServer，ThreadingTCPServer）
缺点：windows上无法使用多进程实现并发
import socketserver
class MyTcpHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
def handle(self): # 通信循环
while 1:
try:
data = self.request.recv(1024)
if not data: break
self.request.send(data.upper())
except Exception as e:
print(e)
break
self.request.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
ip_port = '127.0.0.1', 8888
server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(ip_port, MyTcpHandler) # 异步处理
server.serve_forever() # 连接循环
协程
优点：单线程内实现并发，代码级别模拟IO切换，提高程序运行效率
from gevent import spawn, monkey;monkey.patch_all() # 猴子补丁，补丁:常规IO
import socket
class MyTcpServer:
def __init__(self, ip, port, my_spawn):
self.ip = ip
self.port = port
self.server = socket.socket()
self.server.bind((self.ip, self.port))
self.server.listen(5)
self.spawn = my_spawn # 保存spawn本地
def wait_accept(self):
while 1:
conn, addr = self.server.accept()
self.spawn(self.handle_request, conn) # 检测 handle_request的io
def handle_request(self, conn):
while 1:
try:
data = conn.recv(1024)
if not data: break
conn.send(data.upper())
except Exception as e:
print(e)
break
conn.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
server = MyTcpServer('127.0.0.1', 8888, spawn)
g1 = server.spawn(server.wait_accept) # 检测wait_accept的io
g1.join() # 等待g1运行结束，即一直在循环检测io
