通过Java反射调用方法
时间:2020-01-06 23:49:52|栏目:|点击: 次
本文通过实际代码测试用的例子,通过反射调用对象的方法,有需要的同学可以借鉴使用。
代码举例如下。
TestRef.java:
import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; /** * Created by IntelliJ IDEA. * File: TestRef.java * User: leizhimin * Date: 2008-1-28 14:48:44 */ public class TestRef { public staticvoid main(String args[]) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException { Foo foo = new Foo("这个一个Foo对象!"); Class clazz = foo.getClass(); Method m1 = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("outInfo"); Method m2 = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("setMsg", String.class); Method m3 = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("getMsg"); m1.invoke(foo); m2.invoke(foo, "重新设置msg信息!"); String msg = (String) m3.invoke(foo); System.out.println(msg); } } class Foo { private String msg; public Foo(String msg) { this.msg = msg; } public void setMsg(String msg) { this.msg = msg; } public String getMsg() { return msg; } public void outInfo() { System.out.println("这是测试Java反射的测试类"); } }控制台输出结果:
这是测试Java反射的测试类 重新设置msg信息! Process finished with exit code 0我们定义一个测试类Student,代码如下:
package chb.test.reflect; public class Student { private int age; private String name; public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public static void hi(int age,String name){ System.out.println("大家好,我叫"+name+",今年"+age+"岁"); } }一、JAVA反射的常规使用步骤
反射调用一般分为3个步骤:
得到要调用类的class
得到要调用的类中的方法(Method)
方法调用(invoke)
代码示例:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Method m = cls.getDeclaredMethod("hi",new Class[]{int.class,String.class}); m.invoke(cls.newInstance(),20,"chb");二、方法调用中的参数类型
在方法调用中,参数类型必须正确,这里需要注意的是不能使用包装类替换基本类型,比如不能使用Integer.class代替int.class。
如我要调用Student的setAge方法,下面的调用是正确的:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Method setMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("setAge",int.class); setMethod.invoke(cls.newInstance(), 15);而如果我们用Integer.class替代int.class就会出错,如:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Method setMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("setAge",Integer.class); setMethod.invoke(cls.newInstance(), 15);jvm会报出如下异常:
java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: chb.test.reflect.Student.setAge(java.lang.Integer) at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethod(Unknown Source) at chb.test.reflect.TestClass.testReflect(TestClass.java:23)三、static方法的反射调用
static方法调用时,不必得到对象示例,如下:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Method staticMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("hi",int.class,String.class); staticMethod.invoke(cls,20,"chb");//这里不需要newInstance //staticMethod.invoke(cls.newInstance(),20,"chb");四、private的成员变量赋值
如果直接通过反射给类的private成员变量赋值,是不允许的,这时我们可以通过setAccessible方法解决。代码示例:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Object student = cls.newInstance();//得到一个实例 Field field = cls.getDeclaredField("age"); field.set(student, 10); System.out.println(field.get(student));
运行如上代码,系统会报出如下异常:
java.lang.IllegalAccessException: Class chb.test.reflect.TestClass can not access a member of class chb.test.reflect.Student with modifiers "private" at sun.reflect.Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Field.doSecurityCheck(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Field.getFieldAccessor(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Field.set(Unknown Source) at chb.test.reflect.TestClass.testReflect(TestClass.java:20)解决方法:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Object student = cls.newInstance(); Field field = cls.getDeclaredField("age"); field.setAccessible(true);//设置允许访问 field.set(student, 10); System.out.println(field.get(student));其实,在某些场合下(类中有get,set方法),可以先反射调用set方法,再反射调用get方法达到如上效果,代码示例:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Object student = cls.newInstance(); Method setMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("setAge",Integer.class); setMethod.invoke(student, 15);//调用set方法 Method getMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("getAge"); System.out.println(getMethod.invoke(student));