详解使用Spring Cloud Consul实现服务的注册和发现

时间：2021-03-17 09:39:38|栏目：JAVA代码|点击：次

首先安装consul环境，参照之前的文章：https://www.jb51.net/article/141789.htm

项目规划，2个服务端，1个客户端

首先来看服务端，

一：服务端1：

项目依赖

<dependencyManagement> 
  <dependencies> 
    <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-consul-dependencies</artifactId> 
      <version>1.0.1.RELEASE</version> 
      <type>pom</type> 
      <scope>import</scope> 
    </dependency> 
  </dependencies> 
</dependencyManagement> 
 
<dependencies> 
  <dependency> 
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 
    <artifactId>spring-boot-actuator</artifactId> 
    <version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version> 
  </dependency> 
  <dependency> 
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> 
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId> 
  </dependency> 
</dependencies>

注意，增加spring-boot-actuator是为了项目可以访问/health 路径来判断服务是否健康

package com.pp.consul1; 
 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; 
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; 
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; 
 
@SpringBootApplication 
@EnableDiscoveryClient 
@RestController 
public class ConsulApp { 
   
  @RequestMapping("/home") 
  public Object home() { 
    System.out.println("1111111111111"); 
    return "OK11"; 
  } 
   
  public static void main( String[] args ) { 
    SpringApplication.run(ConsulApp.class, args); 
  } 
}

application.properties 配置内容

server.port=9955  
spring.application.name=Consul-Server-1 
spring.cloud.consul.host=192.168.1.100 
spring.cloud.consul.port=8500 
spring.cloud.consul.enabled=true 
spring.cloud.consul.discovery.enabled=true 
spring.cloud.consul.discovery.instanceId=tomcat1 
spring.cloud.consul.discovery.serviceName=tomcat 
spring.cloud.consul.discovery.hostname=192.168.2.95 
spring.cloud.consul.discovery.port=${server.port} 
spring.cloud.consul.discovery.healthCheckUrl=http://192.168.2.95:9955/health 
spring.cloud.consul.discovery.healthCheckInterval=10s 
spring.cloud.consul.discovery.tags=dev

看过我之前文章的，应该对这些配置很清楚了。这样，一个服务端就配置写好了。

由于我们增加了@EnableDiscoveryClient注解，所以，系统启动的时候，就会向consul注册一个服务，服务的名字为tomcat, ID为tomcat1

访问consul的HTTP API /v1/catalog/service/tomcat 输出如下：

{ 
  "Node":"192.168.1.100", 
  "Address":"192.168.1.100", 
  "ServiceID":"tomcat1", 
  "ServiceName":"tomcat", 
  "ServiceTags":["dev"], 
  "ServiceAddress":"192.168.2.95", 
  "ServicePort":9955, 
  "ServiceEnableTagOverride":false, 
  "CreateIndex":993, 
  "ModifyIndex":1057 
}

二：服务端2

项目依赖和上面一样

package com.pp.consul2;  
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; 
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; 
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; 
 
@SpringBootApplication 
@EnableDiscoveryClient 
@RestController 
public class ConsulApp { 
   
  @RequestMapping("/home") 
  public Object home() { 
    System.out.println("2222222222222222"); 
    return "OK22"; 
  } 
   
  public static void main( String[] args ) { 
    SpringApplication.run(ConsulApp.class, args); 
  } 
}

application.properties 配置内容：

server.port=9966 
 
spring.application.name=Consul-Server-2 
spring.cloud.consul.host=192.168.1.100 
spring.cloud.consul.port=8500 
spring.cloud.consul.enabled=true 
spring.cloud.consul.discovery.enabled=true 
spring.cloud.consul.discovery.instanceId=tomcat2 
spring.cloud.consul.discovery.serviceName=tomcat 
spring.cloud.consul.discovery.hostname=192.168.2.95 
spring.cloud.consul.discovery.port=${server.port} 
spring.cloud.consul.discovery.healthCheckUrl=http://192.168.2.95:9966/health 
spring.cloud.consul.discovery.healthCheckInterval=10s 
spring.cloud.consul.discovery.tags=test

三：客户端

项目依赖，只需要spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery

application.properties 配置内容：

server.port=9977 
 
spring.application.name=Consul-Client 
spring.cloud.consul.host=192.168.1.100 
spring.cloud.consul.port=8500 
spring.cloud.consul.discovery.register=false

注意，这里的spring.cloud.consul.discovery.register需要配置成false，否则系统启动的时候，会向consul注册一个服务

package com.pp.client; 
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; 
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; 
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient; 
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; 
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; 
 
@SpringBootApplication 
@EnableDiscoveryClient 
@RestController 
public class ConsulClient { 
   
  @Autowired 
  private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancer; 
   
  @Autowired 
  private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient; 
   
  /** 
   * 从所有服务中选择一个服务（轮询） 
   */ 
  @RequestMapping("/discover") 
  public Object discover() { 
    return loadBalancer.choose("tomcat").getUri().toString(); 
  } 
   
  /** 
   * 获取所有服务 
   */ 
  @RequestMapping("/services") 
  public Object services() { 
    return discoveryClient.getInstances("tomcat"); 
  } 
   
  public static void main( String[] args ) { 
    SpringApplication.run(ConsulClient.class, args); 
  } 
}

启动之后，就可以访问/discover，/services 查看效果了。

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